A lofted dorm bed is one that's raised high enough to fit a desk, dresser, or storage underneath. A standard dorm bed sits at normal mattress height, around 22 to 25 inches off the floor. Most dorms let you choose which one you want. Some don't.
If you're an incoming freshman and nobody has explained this to you yet, here's the whole picture.
Standard height. The mattress sits at typical bed height. Walk-in, sit-down friendly. You lose all the floor space under the bed because the frame sits low. This is what Alabama's Tutwiler Hall uses by default (permanent 22 inches off the floor, per Alabama housing).
Adjustable raised. The frame can be set anywhere from low to high, but you don't go quite to the loft level. Roughly 30 to 36 inches. Gives you under-bed storage room for plastic bins and a small dresser. Most halls at UGA and Alabama default to this range.
Fully lofted. The frame is raised to the maximum height, around 50 to 60 inches. You climb a ladder to get in. Underneath you can fit a desk and chair, or a futon, or a wardrobe. UGA's default move-in height gives a minimum of 52 inches of clearance under the bed, according to UGA Housing. Alabama's Ridgecrest South goes up to 50 inches.
Bunked. Two beds stacked, one over the other. Saves the most floor space. Common in older or smaller dorms. Some schools let roommates choose to bunk; others require it based on room dimensions.
Standard height is the easiest to live in. You can sit on it without ducking, make the bed without climbing, and you don't have to think about anything. The cost is floor space. Once your roommate's stuff is on the other side of the room, you'll wish you had room under the bed for storage.
Adjustable raised is the sweet spot for most freshmen. High enough to slide bins and a small dresser underneath, low enough that you can still sit on the edge of the bed normally. This is what most students settle on after a week of testing.
Fully lofted is best if you want a full study setup under the bed. Desk, chair, lamp, the whole thing. Trade-off: getting into bed at 2am after studying takes effort, and you can't comfortably sit on the bed because the ceiling is right above you. Also unsafe if you sleep poorly or roll a lot.
Bunked is for when you don't have a choice or you want to maximize floor space at all costs. Top bunk has the same ceiling-proximity issue as a loft. Bottom bunk is cave-like.
Usually yes, but it varies.
UGA requires you to submit a Bed Height Change Request through their portal called The Dawg House. They list it as a maintenance request.
Alabama lets you submit a bed height adjustment work order through the myHousing portal. Same process.
A few schools won't change beds at all once they're set. Some halls (like Alabama's Tutwiler, which is built with permanent-height beds) physically can't be adjusted.
The general rule: if your school provides an adjustable frame, you can request a change. If the frame is fixed-position, you're stuck with what they assigned.
This isn't a complete list, but it covers the most-asked questions:
Fully adjustable (standard, raised, or lofted): UGA, Alabama (most halls), Clemson, LSU, Auburn, App State, UNC, NC State, Tennessee, Mississippi State, Texas, Florida State
Lofted by default: UGA (every hall arrives lofted), most Texas A&M halls
Standard height permanent: Alabama's Tutwiler Hall, some older halls at smaller schools
Frequently bunked: Older halls at most schools when room dimensions require it
If you're not sure what your school does, the housing website usually has a page for each individual hall with the furniture specs listed. Search "[your school] housing [hall name] furniture" and the official page should come up.
This is where the bed type actually matters for what you're buying.
Standard height bed. A regular wall-leaning headboard works fine here because the bed isn't moving. The headboard sits between the mattress and the wall and doesn't get bumped much. You can also use a rail-mount headboard, which holds better.
Adjustable raised or fully lofted. Wall-leaning headboards fall over the second you raise or lower the height. Adhesive strips fail because cinderblock walls don't hold adhesive well. The only thing that actually works on a lofted or raised bed is a headboard that mounts to the frame rails themselves, because the rails are the only part that doesn't change height relative to the mattress. University Headboards was built specifically for this.
Bunked. Top bunk usually doesn't have wall access (the wall is behind your head but you're high up). Bottom bunk has the top bunk's frame right above you, so a tall headboard doesn't fit. Short rail-mount headboards work on the bottom bunk. Nothing works well on the top bunk.
This is the most-asked layout question for freshmen. Here's the honest version.
Pros: massive floor space gain, real study area without the bed in the room, more privacy for the desk.
Cons: ladder to bed every night, can't sit on the bed without ducking, study chair sits under a ceiling of mattress (some students find this stressful), heat rises so the bed is hotter in non-air-conditioned dorms (rare these days).
If you're going to do this, the practical move is to bring a small fan, a clip-on light for the bed, and a way to reach phone/water from the bed without climbing down. And confirm your school allows lofts to the maximum height. Some schools cap the max height for safety reasons.
For most freshmen, an adjustable raised bed (somewhere between standard and lofted) is the most practical setup. It gives you under-bed storage without the climbing and ceiling-proximity issues of a full loft. Standard height is best for students who hate climbing or have mobility issues. Full lofts work best when you want a complete desk and study setup underneath and don't mind a ladder.
Find out what your school's default bed setup is by checking your specific residence hall's page on your school's housing site. Then decide whether you want to change it. If you do, submit the request through your housing portal before move-in.
When it comes to a headboard, the bed type matters more than the mattress size. If your bed is going to be raised or lofted, a wall-leaning headboard isn't going to survive the year. Check your school's compatibility list at universityheadboards.com/pages/check-your-school to see if a rail-mount headboard works with your specific frame.